cannot self-report, improving their comfort, quality of life, and clinical outcomes.
???? Target Patient Groups
- Infants and young children
- Patients with dementia or advanced Alzheimer’s
- Stroke survivors with aphasia
- Patients with intellectual or developmental disabilities
- Critically ill or sedated patients in ICU
- Post-operative patients under heavy sedation or with tracheostomy
???? Key Pain Indicators in Non-Verbal Patients
Assessment relies on observing behavioral and physiological cues, such as:
???? Behavioral Cues:
- Facial expressions (grimacing, frowning)
- Body movements (restlessness, guarding, rigidity)
- Vocalizations (moaning, crying, sighing)
- Protective behaviors (pulling away during care)
- Changes in routine behavior (refusal to eat, sleep disruption)
???? Physiological Cues:
- Elevated heart rate or blood pressure
- Rapid breathing or shallow respirations
- Sweating or flushed skin
- Muscle tension
????️ Common Pain Assessment Tools Used
Neftaly may incorporate or be modeled after these validated tools:
| Tool | Description | Target Group |
|---|---|---|
| FLACC Scale | Assesses Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (0–10 score) | Infants and children 2 months–7 years, or adults unable to communicate |
